Pain Models
Human experimental pain models provide predictive validity to support confidence in selection of the Phase II dose of analgesic compounds. Apex has experience using various multi-modal approaches (both in patients with pain disorders and in normal individuals) to provide valuable information on sensitivity to pain.
Our experience includes:
- Electrical Stimulation
- EMG
- Thermal Stimulation
- Cold Stimulation (Ice Bath Emersion, Thermocouple)
- Heat Stimulation (Thermocouple, UVB Sunburn, Inflammatory Model)
- Chemical Stimulation
- Capsaicin (Topical & Intradermal Injection)
- Mustard Oil (Topical)
- Hypertonic Saline (IM Injection)
- Mechanical Stimulation
- Touch (Von Frey Monofilament, Cotton Swab, Brush Stroke)
- Pin Prick [Weighted pin prick (manual)]
- Pressure (Pinch, algometer)
- Visual Analog Scales (VAS)